| Russian Grammar Question | Answer | S |
|---|---|---|
|
_____ (они́) есть официа́нты? Do they have waiters? |
У них |
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_____ (они́) есть официа́нты?
Explanation:
In Russian, to express possession or to say "Do they have…?" you use the construction "у + genitive case of the pronoun + есть + nominative case of the object".
Breaking it down:
1. "у" (u): This is a preposition that means "at" or "by".
2. "них" (nix): This is the genitive plural form of "они" (oni), which means "they".
3. "есть" (yest'): This verb means "there is/are" or "have". It’s used to indicate existence or possession.
4. "официанты" (ofitsianty): This is the nominative plural form of "официант" (ofitsiant), which means "waiter".
So, "у них есть официанты?" (u nix yest' ofitsianty?) translates to "Do they have waiters?"
The sentence construction is driven by the idiomatic way Russian expresses possession, differing from English where possession is often indicated by the verb "to have".
Additional Grammar Notes:
– In Russian, the equivalent of "to have" uses the construction "у [pronoun in genitive] есть [object in nominative]".
– "у" governs the genitive case, which is why "они" (they) changes to "них" in the genitive.
– "есть" is omitted in negative sentences, and another word (нет) is used: "У них нет официантов." (u nix nyet ofitsiantov) which means "They don't have waiters." Here, "официантов" (ofitsiantov) is in the genitive plural to reflect the absence of waiters.
This structure helps convey not just possession, but the existence or presence of something related to the pronoun or noun in question.
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