Japanese Grammar – I must renew my passport 🇯🇵

パスポートをこうしんし____

パスポートをこうしんしなければならない

Explanation:
In this sentence, こうしんし (koushin shi) means "to renew," and なければならない (nakereba naranai) is a common Japanese grammar pattern that means "must" or "have to." The full construction of "I must renew my passport" in Japanese would be パスポートをこうしんしなければならない (pasupooto o koushin shinakereba naranai).

Breaking Down the Grammar:

1. パスポート (pasupooto): This is the word for "passport."
2. を (o): A particle that indicates the direct object of the action.
3. こうしんし (koushin shi): The verb stem for "to renew."
4. なければならない (nakereba naranai): This phrase means "must" or "have to."

なければならない Construction:

– ない (nai): The negative form of a verb.
– なければ (nakereba): The conditional form of "nai."
– ならない (naranai): Means "it won't do" or "it is not acceptable."

So, 〜しなければならない (shi nakereba naranai) translates literally to "if [you] do not do, it won't be acceptable," which idiomatically means "must do."

Other Needed Information:

To understand and create sentences using this grammar pattern, you can follow this structure:

1. Take the verb stem in its dictionary form (e.g., する -> し for "to do").
2. Change it to the negative form by attaching ない (nai) (e.g., しない for "not do").
3. Change the negative form to the conditional form by adding ければ (kereba) (e.g., しなければ).
4. Finally, add ならない (naranai) to complete the "must" phrase (e.g., しなければならない).

This pattern can be applied to any verb to express necessity.

Examples:
1. 食べる (taberu – to eat) -> 食べなければならない (tabenakereba naranai – must eat).
2. 行く (iku – to go) -> 行かなければならない (ikanakereba naranai – must go).

Romaji:
– Pasupooto o koushin shinakereba naranai

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