| in English | in Korean | S |
|---|---|---|
| Painful | 고통스럽다 |
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고통스럽다 info.
Tips to Remember:
• Break it down into two parts: “고통” (go-tong) means “pain” and “스럽다” (seu-reop-da) is a suffix meaning “full of” or “characterized by.” Together, they form “characterized by pain.”
• Associate “고통스럽다” with emotionally or physically painful situations to help reinforce its meaning.
Explanation:
• "고통스럽다" is an adjective used to describe something that is painfully distressing or agonizing.
• It can express both physical pain and emotional suffering.
Other Similar Words:
• 아프다 (a-peu-da) – means “to hurt” or “to be in pain” (more commonly used for physical pain).
• 괴롭다 (goe-rop-da) – means “to suffer” or “to be in agony,” often used for emotional or mental distress.
• 비통하다 (bi-tong-ha-da) – conveys a sense of deep sorrow or grief, implying a painful state of mourning.
Conjugations:
Dictionary (Infinitive) Form:
• 고통스럽다 (go-tong-seu-reop-da)
Present Tense:
• Informal low: 고통스러워 (go-tong-seu-reo-wo)
• Polite: 고통스러워요 (go-tong-seu-reo-wo-yo)
• Formal (declarative): 고통스럽습니다 (go-tong-seu-reop-seum-ni-da)
Past Tense:
• Informal low: 고통스러웠어 (go-tong-seu-reo-woss-eo)
• Polite: 고통스러웠어요 (go-tong-seu-reo-woss-eo-yo)
• Formal: 고통스러웠습니다 (go-tong-seu-reo-woss-seum-ni-da)
Future Tense:
• Informal low: 고통스러울 거야 (go-tong-seu-reul geo-ya)
• Polite: 고통스러울 거예요 (go-tong-seu-reul geo-ye-yo)
• Formal: 고통스러울 것입니다 (go-tong-seu-reul geo-sseum-ni-da)
Attributive Form (modifying a noun):
• 고통스러운 (go-tong-seu-reo-woon)
Example Sentences:
1. 그의 이야기는 너무 고통스러워요.
Romanized: Geu-ui iyagi-neun neo-mu go-tong-seu-reo-wo-yo.
Translation: His story is very painful.
2. 지난 날의 기억은 고통스러웠다.
Romanized: Ji-nan nal-ui gi-eok-eun go-tong-seu-reo-woss-da.
Translation: The memories of past days were painful.
3. 고통스러운 선택을 해야만 했어요.
Romanized: Go-tong-seu-reo-woon seon-taek-eul hae-ya-man haess-eo-yo.
Translation: I had to make a painful choice.
4. 그 상황은 정말 고통스러울 거예요.
Romanized: Geu sang-hwang-eun jeong-mal go-tong-seu-reul geo-ye-yo.
Translation: That situation will be really painful.
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