| in English | in German | S |
|---|---|---|
| I arrived late | Ich bin spät angekomen |
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Sentence info.
The German sentence “Ich bin spät angekommen” is in the present perfect tense, which is often used to describe past events.
The sentence is structured as follows:
– “Ich” is the pronoun for “I.”
– “bin” is the auxiliary verb “sein” (to be) conjugated in the first person singular.
– “spät” means “late.”
– “angekommen” is the past participle of “ankommen,” which means “to arrive.”
In the present perfect tense in German, the sentence structure typically follows the pattern “subject + auxiliary verb + other elements (like an adverb) + past participle.” The auxiliary verb “sein” or “haben” (to have) and the participle are used to indicate timing. Here, “sein” is used because “ankommen” is an intransitive verb that indicates a change of state or movement to a place, and such verbs often require “sein” instead of “haben.”
Tips to remember:
– Memorize that “ankommen” is a verb of movement and thus pairs with “sein.”
– Note the position of “spät” before the participle in the sentence.
Alternative ways to say “I arrived late” in German:
– “Ich kam spät an.” (Simple past tense)
– “Ich bin zu spät gekommen.” (Present perfect emphasizing lateness)
– “Ich habe mich verspätet.” (Means “I am late” or “I was delayed”)
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