| in English | in Korean | S |
|---|---|---|
| to be early | 이르다 |
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이르다 info.
Tip to remember the word: Imagine an "Earl" who always wakes up at dawn. The name Earl sounds like “이르다” (i-ru-da), which helps you recall that this word means “to be early” or “early.”
Explanation: 이르다 is a descriptive verb (adjective-verb) used to say that something is early, premature, or ahead of the usual time. When used in its attributive form, it becomes 이른 (i-reun), as in “이른 아침” (early morning).
Other words with a similar meaning:
• 일찍 (iljjik) – an adverb meaning “early”
• 조기 (jogi) – used as a noun modifier in contexts like 조기 진단 (early diagnosis)
Conjugations of 이르다 (using the plain and polite forms):
• Dictionary (infinitive) form: 이르다 (i-ru-da) – “to be early”
• Attributive form: 이른 (i-reun) – as in “이른 아침” (“early morning”)
Present tense:
○ Plain: 이르다
○ Polite: 이릅니다 (i-reum-ni-da) (e.g., 시간 이릅니다 – “It is early”)
Past tense:
○ Plain: 이르렀다 (i-ru-ryeot-da)
○ Polite: 이르렀습니다 (i-ru-ryeot-seum-ni-da) (e.g., 어제는 많이 이르렀습니다 – “Yesterday it was very early”)
Future tense:
○ Plain: 이를 것이다 (i-reul geo-si-da)
○ Polite: 이를 것입니다 (i-reul geo-sim-ni-da) (e.g., 내일은 시간이 이를 것입니다 – “Tomorrow it will be early”)
Examples of sentences:
1. Attributive usage:
• Korean: 오늘은 이른 아침에 운동을 했습니다.
• Romanization: Oneureun i-reun achime undong-eul haet-seum-ni-da.
• English: “Today, I exercised in the early morning.”
2. Predicate usage in the present:
• Korean: 지금 시간은 이릅니다.
• Romanization: Jigeum sigan-eun i-reum-ni-da.
• English: “The time is early now.”
3. Predicate usage in the past:
• Korean: 어제는 회의 시작 시간이 이르렀습니다.
• Romanization: Eoje-neun hoeui sijak sigan-i i-ru-ryeot-seum-ni-da.
• English: “Yesterday, the meeting started early.”
4. Future prediction:
• Korean: 내일은 모든 것이 이를 것입니다.
• Romanization: Naeil-eun modeun geos-i i-reul geo-sim-ni-da.
• English: “Tomorrow, everything will be early.”
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