| in English | in Portuguese | S |
|---|---|---|
| I don’t think you had paid | Não creio que você tenha pagado |
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Sentence info.
Não creio que você tenha pagado.
• Não = not
• creio = I believe (from the verb “crer”, meaning “to believe”)
• que = that (used as a conjunction to introduce the subordinate clause)
• você = you
• tenha = have (1st/3rd person singular of the auxiliary “ter” in the present subjunctive, used here to form the perfect subjunctive)
• pagado = paid (past participle of “pagar”)
Translation: “I don't think that you have paid.”
In this construction, the subordinate clause “que você tenha pagado” uses the subjunctive mood (“tenha”) because the main clause expresses doubt, disbelief, or an opinion about something that is not confirmed.
Tips to remember:
• When a main clause expresses disbelief or uncertainty (e.g., “não creio”), use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
• “Tenha” comes from “ter” and is used with the past participle to form the perfect subjunctive, indicating a completed action relative to the main clause.
• The structure “ter + past participle” is common for expressing past actions in a subjunctive context.
Alternate ways to say “I don't think you had paid”:
• Não acho que você tenha pago.
• Duvido que você tenha pago.
• Não me parece que você tenha pago.
All these alternatives maintain the subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause because they all express uncertainty or doubt about whether the payment occurred.
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